iPS cells created from 110-year-old people

 DY(11/27/11付け)のScience & Natureに,iPS細胞に関する研究について書かれた記事が掲載されていいました。せっかくなので,触れる機会があまりない(個人的にですが...)生物学の用語を拾いたいと思います。

 Aiming to discover the key to longevity, a team of Keio University researchers has succeeded in creating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) from the blood of people aged 110 or older, it has been learned.
 There are more than 47,000 people aged 100 or older in the country, but only about 60 have what is called superlongevity, i.e. are aged 110 or older.
 Led by university lecturers Nobuyoshi Hirose and Shinsuke Yuasa, the Keio team took blood from 13 men and women with superlongevity, and made iPS cells from the samples of four of them, the team said.
 The remaining samples were preserved by freezing.
 It has been learned that people with superlongevity are less susceptible to such problems as hardening of the arteries and the development of cancer. Their cells may have a stronger defense mechanism against illness than those of ordinary people, but the details have yet to be clarified.
 On the strength of its achievement making iPS cells from people with superlongevity, the Keio University team plans to create cells of such organs and tissues as veins, cardiac muscle and nerves. It will examine the cells' proliferation capabilities, ability to recover from injuries, tolerance for stress and the speed at which they age, and compare the data with that for ordinary people.

(中略)

 iPS cells were first created by Kyoto University Prof. Shinya Yamanaka and his colleagues, who announced their achievement in 2006. Just like fertilized eggs, iPS cells taken from human skin cells or other somatic cells can transform into any kind of organ or tissue and can reproduce indefinitely.
http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/features/science/T111126003438.htm

1. iPS細胞の'p'とは?
 記事からpluripotentの略だとわかります。 pluripotentは「(胚域が)分化可能[多能]の,多能性の」という意味です(『ランダムハウス英和辞典』小学館)。pluri-で「数個の,多数の」,potentは「可能である,能力がある」と分解できます(『ランダムハウス英和辞典』同上)。同じ語源の語として,totipotentで「分化全能性の」,unipotentで「(細胞が)単能性の単分化能の」語があります(『ランダムハウス英和辞典』同上)。

2. susceptible
 susceptibleは「(人が)(作用など)をこうむりやすい,受けやすい,(病気などに)かかりやすい」を表す語です(『スーパーアンカー英和辞典』学研)。Children are more susceptible to asthma than adults.のように使用できます。

3. cardiac
 「心臓(病)の」とという語で知られています。cardiac arrestで「心(拍)停止」のようにも使われます。また,cardi(o)-で「心臓」を表すことから,「核」といった意味でも使われ,cardinal number「基数」のような語もあることは周知の通りです。

4. proliferation
 「増殖」で,proli-で「子孫」,ferは「運んでくる」が語源です(『ジーニアス英和大辞典』大修館書店)。また,「(特に核兵器の)拡散」という意味でも使われます(『スーパーアンカー英和辞典』同上)。

5. fertilize
 「〜を受精[受粉]させる」という意味があり,fertilized eggsは「受精卵」を表します(『スーパーアンカー英和辞典』同上)「(土地を)肥やす」として知られている語ですが,生物学における用法の方も要checkですね。

6. reproduce
 この語には,「再生する」や「複製する」以外にも,「繁殖する」という意味もあります。やはり,生物的は話しなので,「繁殖する」が適当でしょう。この用法は大阪大学の入試問題でしばしば見られます。